CEMENT

[:ru]Д-р Хамза А.[:en]Hamza A.[:] [:ru]проф. в области охраны окружающей среды, Александрийский университет, эксперт технического секретариата при Совете министров арабских стран по вопросам окружающей среды, Египет[:en]PhD, Prof. of Environmental Engineering, Alexandria University Expert, Technical Secretariat of the Council of Arab Ministers of Environment, Egypt[:]

Alitinform №1 (13) 2010 г. 20-30 p.

Abstract

Globally, over 150 countries produce cement with about 2.7 billion tons produced in 2007. By 2025 production will reach 5 billion tons. Cement is made with everything from limestone and shale to industrial by-products such as blast-furnace slag and coal ash. Harmful gases and dust emitted during manufacturing cause negative impacts on public health and environmental amenities.

The high temperature needed for cement production makes it an energy-intensive process. The Arab cement industry is facing the challenge of rising fuel costs by switching to energy-rich alternative fuels to reduce reliance on oil and natural gas. The main advantages of using alternative fuels are saving fuel costs, less release of CO₂ emissions and reuse of ashes as clinker minerals. In addition, high combustion temperatures ensure oxidation of residual organic compounds.

This article reviews the status of cement production globally and in the Arab region, the environment and energy implications of cement manufacturing, innovations in cleaner production and best available technologies, and utilization of alternative fuels in modern cement plants.